Artificial loss of natural habitats is one of the main threats to the conservation of many animal species. In temperate zones, intensification of agricultural practices is the human activity that has most drastically modified original habitats . One of the main signs of these changes is the fragmentation and loss of forest habitats, with fragments being reduced to smaller isolated patches, where the chances of species surviving are seriously diminished. Studies on the response of organisms to this process have usually centred on studies at the community level, using the theoretical concepts of island biogeography . More recently, metapopulation theory has been employed to study colonisation–extinction processes of individual species. Much effort research has been focused on the study of the variables involved in roadkill occurrence at local scale. However, less knowledge has been gained about the spatial distribution of roadkills at regional scales. Road planning and strategic environmental assessment require of this knowledge. Many parts of Europe are strongly fragmented and the detrimental effects of habitat fragmentation are well documented for those species that require forest. For this reason, it would be interesting to study how forest fragmentation affects roadkill spatial distribution. This study assesses the pattern of ungulate-vehicle collision (UVC) occurrence of two species, the wild boar Sus scrofa, and the roe deer Capreolus capreolus, in forest fragments located in agricultural landscapes of central Spain with a coarse-grained pattern of fragmentation.