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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:14:15 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
spatial_coverage
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en Improvements in high-speed rail network environmental evaluation and planning: an assessment of accessibility gains and landscape connectivity costs in Spain.
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| 81 | "notes": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | 81 | "notes": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | ||
| 82 | has a network of about 3400 km. In this 25-year period, accessibility | 82 | has a network of about 3400 km. In this 25-year period, accessibility | ||
| 83 | has progressively increased, and its spatial distribution has changed | 83 | has progressively increased, and its spatial distribution has changed | ||
| 84 | throughout the territory. This has had important implications for | 84 | throughout the territory. This has had important implications for | ||
| 85 | territorial cohesion, which is a strategic planning objective of | 85 | territorial cohesion, which is a strategic planning objective of | ||
| 86 | transport infrastructures in the European Union. However, this | 86 | transport infrastructures in the European Union. However, this | ||
| 87 | increase in HSR has environmental impacts; among other effects, new | 87 | increase in HSR has environmental impacts; among other effects, new | ||
| 88 | transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape structural | 88 | transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape structural | ||
| 89 | connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the distribution | 89 | connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the distribution | ||
| 90 | and development of the changes across the territory produced by the | 90 | and development of the changes across the territory produced by the | ||
| 91 | arrival of HSR in Spain between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes | 91 | arrival of HSR in Spain between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes | ||
| 92 | in potential accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the | 92 | in potential accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the | ||
| 93 | national scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the | 93 | national scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the | ||
| 94 | relationship between both variables through the cost of accessibility | 94 | relationship between both variables through the cost of accessibility | ||
| 95 | improvements (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of | 95 | improvements (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of | ||
| 96 | structural connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses | 96 | structural connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses | ||
| 97 | were done using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be | 97 | were done using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be | ||
| 98 | useful at the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) scale. The | 98 | useful at the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) scale. The | ||
| 99 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | 99 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | ||
| 100 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | 100 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | ||
| 101 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | 101 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | ||
| 102 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | 102 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | ||
| 103 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | 103 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | ||
| 104 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | 104 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | ||
| 105 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | 105 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | ||
| 106 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | 106 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | ||
| 107 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | 107 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | ||
| 108 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | 108 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | ||
| 109 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | 109 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | ||
| 110 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | 110 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | ||
| 111 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | 111 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | ||
| 112 | adapting connectivity studies to the environmental assessment tiers in | 112 | adapting connectivity studies to the environmental assessment tiers in | ||
| 113 | the transportation sector (i.e. plans, programmes and projects). Each | 113 | the transportation sector (i.e. plans, programmes and projects). Each | ||
| 114 | stage has its limitations due to the lack of specific data or problems | 114 | stage has its limitations due to the lack of specific data or problems | ||
| 115 | of spatial scale which must be publicly reported during environmental | 115 | of spatial scale which must be publicly reported during environmental | ||
| 116 | assessment processes. We also highlight the need for new research to | 116 | assessment processes. We also highlight the need for new research to | ||
| 117 | establish a reliable spatial scale to assess the different effects of | 117 | establish a reliable spatial scale to assess the different effects of | ||
| 118 | HSR corridors at the strategic level.", | 118 | HSR corridors at the strategic level.", | ||
| 119 | "notes_translated": { | 119 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 120 | "en": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | 120 | "en": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | ||
| 121 | has a network of about 3400\u2009km. In this 25-year period, | 121 | has a network of about 3400\u2009km. In this 25-year period, | ||
| 122 | accessibility has progressively increased, and its spatial | 122 | accessibility has progressively increased, and its spatial | ||
| 123 | distribution has changed throughout the\u00a0territory. This has had | 123 | distribution has changed throughout the\u00a0territory. This has had | ||
| 124 | important implications for territorial cohesion, which is a strategic | 124 | important implications for territorial cohesion, which is a strategic | ||
| 125 | planning objective of transport infrastructures in the European Union. | 125 | planning objective of transport infrastructures in the European Union. | ||
| 126 | However, this increase in HSR has\u00a0environmental impacts; among | 126 | However, this increase in HSR has\u00a0environmental impacts; among | ||
| 127 | other effects, new transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape | 127 | other effects, new transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape | ||
| 128 | structural connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the | 128 | structural connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the | ||
| 129 | distribution and development of the changes across | 129 | distribution and development of the changes across | ||
| 130 | the\u00a0territory\u00a0produced by the arrival of HSR in Spain | 130 | the\u00a0territory\u00a0produced by the arrival of HSR in Spain | ||
| 131 | between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes in potential | 131 | between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes in potential | ||
| 132 | accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the national | 132 | accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the national | ||
| 133 | scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the relationship | 133 | scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the relationship | ||
| 134 | between both variables through the cost of accessibility improvements | 134 | between both variables through the cost of accessibility improvements | ||
| 135 | (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of structural | 135 | (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of structural | ||
| 136 | connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses were done | 136 | connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses were done | ||
| 137 | using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be useful at | 137 | using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be useful at | ||
| 138 | the\u00a0Strategic Environmental Assessment\u00a0(SEA) scale. The | 138 | the\u00a0Strategic Environmental Assessment\u00a0(SEA) scale. The | ||
| 139 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | 139 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | ||
| 140 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | 140 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | ||
| 141 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | 141 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | ||
| 142 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | 142 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | ||
| 143 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | 143 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | ||
| 144 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | 144 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | ||
| 145 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | 145 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | ||
| 146 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | 146 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | ||
| 147 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | 147 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | ||
| 148 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | 148 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | ||
| 149 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | 149 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | ||
| 150 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | 150 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | ||
| 151 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | 151 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | ||
| 152 | adapting connectivity studies to the\u00a0environmental | 152 | adapting connectivity studies to the\u00a0environmental | ||
| 153 | assessment\u00a0tiers in the transportation sector (i.e. plans, | 153 | assessment\u00a0tiers in the transportation sector (i.e. plans, | ||
| 154 | programmes and projects). Each stage has its limitations due to the | 154 | programmes and projects). Each stage has its limitations due to the | ||
| 155 | lack of specific data or problems of spatial scale which must be | 155 | lack of specific data or problems of spatial scale which must be | ||
| 156 | publicly reported during\u00a0environmental assessment\u00a0processes. | 156 | publicly reported during\u00a0environmental assessment\u00a0processes. | ||
| 157 | We also highlight the need for new research to establish a reliable | 157 | We also highlight the need for new research to establish a reliable | ||
| 158 | spatial scale to assess the different effects of HSR corridors at the | 158 | spatial scale to assess the different effects of HSR corridors at the | ||
| 159 | strategic level.", | 159 | strategic level.", | ||
| 160 | "es": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | 160 | "es": "High Speed Rail (HSR) in Spain began in 1992 and curently | ||
| 161 | has a network of about 3400 km. In this 25-year period, accessibility | 161 | has a network of about 3400 km. In this 25-year period, accessibility | ||
| 162 | has progressively increased, and its spatial distribution has changed | 162 | has progressively increased, and its spatial distribution has changed | ||
| 163 | throughout the territory. This has had important implications for | 163 | throughout the territory. This has had important implications for | ||
| 164 | territorial cohesion, which is a strategic planning objective of | 164 | territorial cohesion, which is a strategic planning objective of | ||
| 165 | transport infrastructures in the European Union. However, this | 165 | transport infrastructures in the European Union. However, this | ||
| 166 | increase in HSR has environmental impacts; among other effects, new | 166 | increase in HSR has environmental impacts; among other effects, new | ||
| 167 | transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape structural | 167 | transport infrastructures imply a loss of landscape structural | ||
| 168 | connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the distribution | 168 | connectivity. This paper has two objectives: to study the distribution | ||
| 169 | and development of the changes across the territory produced by the | 169 | and development of the changes across the territory produced by the | ||
| 170 | arrival of HSR in Spain between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes | 170 | arrival of HSR in Spain between 1990 and 2025, by looking at changes | ||
| 171 | in potential accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the | 171 | in potential accessibility and structural habitat connectivity at the | ||
| 172 | national scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the | 172 | national scale; and to study \u2013 at the same scale \u2013 the | ||
| 173 | relationship between both variables through the cost of accessibility | 173 | relationship between both variables through the cost of accessibility | ||
| 174 | improvements (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of | 174 | improvements (socioeconomic variable) in terms of the loss of | ||
| 175 | structural connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses | 175 | structural connectivity (environmental variable). All the analyses | ||
| 176 | were done using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be | 176 | were done using GIS-based indicators, reported in the literature to be | ||
| 177 | useful at the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) scale. The | 177 | useful at the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) scale. The | ||
| 178 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | 178 | methodology is applied in different horizon years, namely 1990, 2007, | ||
| 179 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | 179 | 2016, and new proposed HSR lines to 2025 in Spain. The results show | ||
| 180 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | 180 | that throughout the whole period (1990\u22122025), accessibility | ||
| 181 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | 181 | improved by 74.7 % due to the extension of HSR. The most important | ||
| 182 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | 182 | period was 1990\u22122007, when the main socio-economic centres were | ||
| 183 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | 183 | connected by HSR, while connectivity, the environmental variable, | ||
| 184 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | 184 | declined by \u22123.4 %. The greatest connectivity loss was | ||
| 185 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | 185 | concentrated in 2007\u22122016, when the areas with the highest | ||
| 186 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | 186 | connectivity values in 1990 were the most affected. Our results show | ||
| 187 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | 187 | that a 1 % increase in accessibility implied a loss of connectivity of | ||
| 188 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | 188 | 0.03 % in the interval 1990\u22122007, while in the second period, the | ||
| 189 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | 189 | same 1 % increase entailed a 0.17 % loss; in the 2016\u22122025 | ||
| 190 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | 190 | scenario the value is intermediate (0.08). Our work contributes to | ||
| 191 | adapting connectivity studies to the environmental assessment tiers in | 191 | adapting connectivity studies to the environmental assessment tiers in | ||
| 192 | the transportation sector (i.e. plans, programmes and projects). Each | 192 | the transportation sector (i.e. plans, programmes and projects). Each | ||
| 193 | stage has its limitations due to the lack of specific data or problems | 193 | stage has its limitations due to the lack of specific data or problems | ||
| 194 | of spatial scale which must be publicly reported during environmental | 194 | of spatial scale which must be publicly reported during environmental | ||
| 195 | assessment processes. We also highlight the need for new research to | 195 | assessment processes. We also highlight the need for new research to | ||
| 196 | establish a reliable spatial scale to assess the different effects of | 196 | establish a reliable spatial scale to assess the different effects of | ||
| 197 | HSR corridors at the strategic level." | 197 | HSR corridors at the strategic level." | ||
| 198 | }, | 198 | }, | ||
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| 221 | "email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | 221 | "email": "buzon-bdatos@miteco.es", | ||
| 222 | "name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | 222 | "name": "\u00c1rea de Banco de Datos de la Naturaleza. | ||
| 223 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | 223 | Direcci\u00f3n General Biodiversidad, Bosques y Desertificaci\u00f3n. | ||
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