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Modificado el valor del campo
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a2026-06-25
en Influence of lunar cycle on amphibian roadkill. -
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Influence of lunar cycle on amphibian roadkill.
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| 81 | "notes": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | 95 | "notes": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | ||
| 82 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | 96 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | ||
| 83 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | 97 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | ||
| 84 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | 98 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | ||
| 85 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | 99 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | ||
| 86 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | 100 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | ||
| 87 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | 101 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | ||
| 88 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | 102 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | ||
| 89 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | 103 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | ||
| 90 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | 104 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | ||
| 91 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | 105 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | ||
| 92 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | 106 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | ||
| 93 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | 107 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | ||
| 94 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | 108 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | ||
| 95 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | 109 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | ||
| 96 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | 110 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | ||
| 97 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | 111 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | ||
| 98 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | 112 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | ||
| 99 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | 113 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | ||
| 100 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We performed | 114 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We performed | ||
| 101 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | 115 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | ||
| 102 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | 116 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | ||
| 103 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | 117 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | ||
| 104 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | 118 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | ||
| 105 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | 119 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | ||
| 106 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | 120 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | ||
| 107 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | 121 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | ||
| 108 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | 122 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | ||
| 109 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | 123 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | ||
| 110 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | 124 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | ||
| 111 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | 125 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | ||
| 112 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | 126 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | ||
| 113 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | 127 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | ||
| 114 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | 128 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | ||
| 115 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | 129 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | ||
| 116 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | 130 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | ||
| 117 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | 131 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | ||
| 118 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | 132 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | ||
| 119 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | 133 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | ||
| 120 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | 134 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | ||
| 121 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | 135 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | ||
| 122 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | 136 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | ||
| 123 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | 137 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | ||
| 124 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | 138 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | ||
| 125 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | 139 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | ||
| 126 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | 140 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | ||
| 127 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | 141 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | ||
| 128 | information to improve the timing of these actions.", | 142 | information to improve the timing of these actions.", | ||
| 129 | "notes_translated": { | 143 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 130 | "en": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | 144 | "en": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | ||
| 131 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | 145 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | ||
| 132 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | 146 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | ||
| 133 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | 147 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | ||
| 134 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | 148 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | ||
| 135 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | 149 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | ||
| 136 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | 150 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | ||
| 137 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | 151 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | ||
| 138 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | 152 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | ||
| 139 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | 153 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | ||
| 140 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | 154 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | ||
| 141 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | 155 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | ||
| 142 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | 156 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | ||
| 143 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | 157 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | ||
| 144 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | 158 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | ||
| 145 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | 159 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | ||
| 146 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | 160 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | ||
| 147 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | 161 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | ||
| 148 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | 162 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | ||
| 149 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We\nperformed | 163 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We\nperformed | ||
| 150 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | 164 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | ||
| 151 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | 165 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | ||
| 152 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | 166 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | ||
| 153 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | 167 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | ||
| 154 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | 168 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | ||
| 155 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | 169 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | ||
| 156 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | 170 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | ||
| 157 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | 171 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | ||
| 158 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | 172 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | ||
| 159 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | 173 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | ||
| 160 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | 174 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | ||
| 161 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | 175 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | ||
| 162 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | 176 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | ||
| 163 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | 177 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | ||
| 164 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | 178 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | ||
| 165 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | 179 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | ||
| 166 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | 180 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | ||
| 167 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | 181 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | ||
| 168 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | 182 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | ||
| 169 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | 183 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | ||
| 170 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | 184 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | ||
| 171 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | 185 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | ||
| 172 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | 186 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | ||
| 173 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | 187 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | ||
| 174 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | 188 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | ||
| 175 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | 189 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | ||
| 176 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | 190 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | ||
| 177 | information to improve the timing of these actions.", | 191 | information to improve the timing of these actions.", | ||
| 178 | "es": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | 192 | "es": "Roads are responsible for thousands of roadkill per year | ||
| 179 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | 193 | worldwide. Different taxonomic groups are vulnerable to this mortality | ||
| 180 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | 194 | source, but amphibians are especially vulnerable. In fact, very high | ||
| 181 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | 195 | mortality rates can occur during time concentrated periods when | ||
| 182 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | 196 | individuals migrate to and from reproduction areas (e.g., ponds). In | ||
| 183 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | 197 | addition, the activity of this taxonomic group is dependent on weather | ||
| 184 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | 198 | conditions, also influencing roadkill patterns. In this study we aim | ||
| 185 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | 199 | to assess the influence of the lunar cycle on the number of six | ||
| 186 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | 200 | species of amphibians killed on the road each night and total number | ||
| 187 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | 201 | of amphibian roadkill, while accounting for weather conditions of each | ||
| 188 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | 202 | night (minimum temperature, precipitation in previous hours, relative | ||
| 189 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | 203 | humidity, wind). Amphibian roadkill were monitored daily by car (30-40 | ||
| 190 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | 204 | km/h) for two years (from March 2010 to May 2012) along 37 km of | ||
| 191 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | 205 | National and Municipal roads in Southern Portugal (\u00c9vora | ||
| 192 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | 206 | district). The data here presented concern the species with higher | ||
| 193 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | 207 | roadkill rates in the study area (two urodeles and four anurans): | ||
| 194 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | 208 | Sharp-ribbed Salamander (Pleurodeles waltl), Fire Salamander | ||
| 195 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | 209 | (Salamandra salamandra), Iberian Painted Frog (Discoglossus galganoi), | ||
| 196 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | 210 | Western Spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), Spiny Common Toad (Bufo | ||
| 197 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We performed | 211 | spinosus), and Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita). We performed | ||
| 198 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | 212 | Generalized Linear Mixed Models for zero inflated and over dispersed | ||
| 199 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | 213 | data, in order to evaluate the importance of the lunar cycle and | ||
| 200 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | 214 | weather variables in each species and total mortality. We excluded the | ||
| 201 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | 215 | period of June to August after data exploration, as those months | ||
| 202 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | 216 | corresponded to minimum values of amphibian roadkill. We assumed that | ||
| 203 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | 217 | roadkill events are a result of both breeding and non-breeding | ||
| 204 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | 218 | movements. Overall, the increase in minimum temperature, relative air | ||
| 205 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | 219 | humidity and rainfall in the previous hours (8-24 h) to road surveys | ||
| 206 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | 220 | increases the probability of higher roadkill numbers for all studied | ||
| 207 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | 221 | species. However, the lunar cycle also influenced roadkill numbers of | ||
| 208 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | 222 | some species. Darker nights had higher numbers of roadkill of | ||
| 209 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | 223 | Pleurodeles waltl, while moonlit nights had higher numbers of | ||
| 210 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | 224 | Salamandra salamandra. There were higher roadkill numbers for | ||
| 211 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | 225 | Pelobates cultripes in Last Quarter nights when compared with First | ||
| 212 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | 226 | Quarter. Higher total roadkill numbers were mainly determined by a | ||
| 213 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | 227 | combination of wet and relatively warm nights: higher maximum and | ||
| 214 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | 228 | cumulative rainfall, relative air humidity and minimum temperature in | ||
| 215 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | 229 | previous hours of road surveys. Additional lunar effects on number of | ||
| 216 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | 230 | roadkill were detected for three species, although these effects were | ||
| 217 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | 231 | species-specific. Animals that are more active in moonlight may be at | ||
| 218 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | 232 | an advantage if their visual acuity is better than that of their | ||
| 219 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | 233 | predators. So, differences between species in the response to | ||
| 220 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | 234 | moonlight may be due to species\u2019 ecology, physiology or | ||
| 221 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | 235 | differences perceived in predation risk. Temporary mitigation actions, | ||
| 222 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | 236 | such as amphibian catches by volunteers, warning signs or temporary | ||
| 223 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | 237 | road closures, can be more successful if conducted at the right time | ||
| 224 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | 238 | (i.e., at periods with higher movement rates). Our work provides | ||
| 225 | information to improve the timing of these actions." | 239 | information to improve the timing of these actions." | ||
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