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En el instante 23 de junio de 2026, 16:04:49 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
spatial_coverage
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en Incorporating acoustic objectives into Forest Management Planning when sensitive bird species are relevant.
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| 5 | "author": "Iglesias-Merch\u00e1n, C., Ortiz-Urbina, E., Ezquerro, M. | 5 | "author": "Iglesias-Merch\u00e1n, C., Ortiz-Urbina, E., Ezquerro, M. | ||
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| 58 | "PeerJ. Vol. 7", | 58 | "PeerJ. Vol. 7", | ||
| 59 | "Num. 1", | 59 | "Num. 1", | ||
| 60 | "pag. e6922" | 60 | "pag. e6922" | ||
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| 79 | "name": "82de71e6-3f76-5355-90c5-3dd8f3118620", | 79 | "name": "82de71e6-3f76-5355-90c5-3dd8f3118620", | ||
| 80 | "notes": "The potentially negative effects of timber harvesting on | 80 | "notes": "The potentially negative effects of timber harvesting on | ||
| 81 | biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the consideration of a | 81 | biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the consideration of a | ||
| 82 | wide range of restrictions to forest logging in natural areas. In | 82 | wide range of restrictions to forest logging in natural areas. In | ||
| 83 | particular, high noise levels produced by forest machinery present a | 83 | particular, high noise levels produced by forest machinery present a | ||
| 84 | challenge to developing sustainable forest management plans. The | 84 | challenge to developing sustainable forest management plans. The | ||
| 85 | Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest bird of prey whose | 85 | Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest bird of prey whose | ||
| 86 | nests are located in mature trees, is considered to be appropriate as | 86 | nests are located in mature trees, is considered to be appropriate as | ||
| 87 | an indicator species for environment-friendly forest planning. In this | 87 | an indicator species for environment-friendly forest planning. In this | ||
| 88 | work, we evaluated spatially differences in sound propagation between | 88 | work, we evaluated spatially differences in sound propagation between | ||
| 89 | stands. We hypothesized that differences due to the influence of | 89 | stands. We hypothesized that differences due to the influence of | ||
| 90 | orography in mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial | 90 | orography in mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial | ||
| 91 | and temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any | 91 | and temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any | ||
| 92 | great disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n Our study | 92 | great disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n Our study | ||
| 93 | was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of Spain, | 93 | was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of Spain, | ||
| 94 | where an important colony of the Western European population of | 94 | where an important colony of the Western European population of | ||
| 95 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | 95 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | ||
| 96 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | 96 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | ||
| 97 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | 97 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | ||
| 98 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | 98 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | ||
| 99 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | 99 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | ||
| 100 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | 100 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | ||
| 101 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | 101 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | ||
| 102 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | 102 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | ||
| 103 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | 103 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | ||
| 104 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | 104 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | ||
| 105 | harvesting. The minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw operator sites | 105 | harvesting. The minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw operator sites | ||
| 106 | to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable that had a | 106 | to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable that had a | ||
| 107 | significant influence on the clustering results. On the other hand, | 107 | significant influence on the clustering results. On the other hand, | ||
| 108 | mean values of a newly proposed metric called average radius or radial | 108 | mean values of a newly proposed metric called average radius or radial | ||
| 109 | distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 (Scenario 1) and | 109 | distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 (Scenario 1) and | ||
| 110 | 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n Our results highlight the | 110 | 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n Our results highlight the | ||
| 111 | convenience of considering noise modeling tools at a forest planning | 111 | convenience of considering noise modeling tools at a forest planning | ||
| 112 | level in order to address the compatibility of forest logging and the | 112 | level in order to address the compatibility of forest logging and the | ||
| 113 | necessity of protecting nature. We found that spatial propagation of | 113 | necessity of protecting nature. We found that spatial propagation of | ||
| 114 | noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does not differ between | 114 | noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does not differ between | ||
| 115 | stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to what we initially | 115 | stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to what we initially | ||
| 116 | hypothesized. However, temporary logging restrictions could be | 116 | hypothesized. However, temporary logging restrictions could be | ||
| 117 | excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned management areas | 117 | excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned management areas | ||
| 118 | according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This proposal could be | 118 | according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This proposal could be | ||
| 119 | based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) criteria instead of | 119 | based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) criteria instead of | ||
| 120 | conventional buffer protection distance criteria. In addition, it is | 120 | conventional buffer protection distance criteria. In addition, it is | ||
| 121 | suggested that the current size of restricted management areas could | 121 | suggested that the current size of restricted management areas could | ||
| 122 | be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a 200 m one around the | 122 | be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a 200 m one around the | ||
| 123 | Cinereous vulture nest sites.", | 123 | Cinereous vulture nest sites.", | ||
| 124 | "notes_translated": { | 124 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 125 | "en": "Background\nThe potentially negative effects of timber | 125 | "en": "Background\nThe potentially negative effects of timber | ||
| 126 | harvesting on biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the | 126 | harvesting on biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the | ||
| 127 | consideration of a wide range of restrictions to forest logging in | 127 | consideration of a wide range of restrictions to forest logging in | ||
| 128 | natural areas. In particular, high noise levels produced by forest | 128 | natural areas. In particular, high noise levels produced by forest | ||
| 129 | machinery present a challenge to developing sustainable forest | 129 | machinery present a challenge to developing sustainable forest | ||
| 130 | management plans. The Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the | 130 | management plans. The Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the | ||
| 131 | largest bird of prey whose nests are located in mature trees, is | 131 | largest bird of prey whose nests are located in mature trees, is | ||
| 132 | considered to be appropriate as an indicator species for | 132 | considered to be appropriate as an indicator species for | ||
| 133 | environment-friendly forest planning. In this work, we evaluated | 133 | environment-friendly forest planning. In this work, we evaluated | ||
| 134 | spatially differences in sound propagation between stands. We | 134 | spatially differences in sound propagation between stands. We | ||
| 135 | hypothesized that differences due to the influence of orography in | 135 | hypothesized that differences due to the influence of orography in | ||
| 136 | mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial and | 136 | mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial and | ||
| 137 | temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any great | 137 | temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any great | ||
| 138 | disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n\nMethods\nOur | 138 | disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n\nMethods\nOur | ||
| 139 | study was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of | 139 | study was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of | ||
| 140 | Spain, where an important colony of the Western European population of | 140 | Spain, where an important colony of the Western European population of | ||
| 141 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | 141 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | ||
| 142 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | 142 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | ||
| 143 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | 143 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | ||
| 144 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | 144 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | ||
| 145 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | 145 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | ||
| 146 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | 146 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | ||
| 147 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | 147 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | ||
| 148 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | 148 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | ||
| 149 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | 149 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | ||
| 150 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | 150 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | ||
| 151 | harvesting.\n\nResults\nThe minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw | 151 | harvesting.\n\nResults\nThe minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw | ||
| 152 | operator sites to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable | 152 | operator sites to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable | ||
| 153 | that had a significant influence on the clustering results. On the | 153 | that had a significant influence on the clustering results. On the | ||
| 154 | other hand, mean values of a newly proposed metric called average | 154 | other hand, mean values of a newly proposed metric called average | ||
| 155 | radius or radial distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 | 155 | radius or radial distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 | ||
| 156 | (Scenario 1) and 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n\nDiscussion\nOur | 156 | (Scenario 1) and 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n\nDiscussion\nOur | ||
| 157 | results highlight the convenience of considering noise modeling tools | 157 | results highlight the convenience of considering noise modeling tools | ||
| 158 | at a forest planning level in order to address the compatibility of | 158 | at a forest planning level in order to address the compatibility of | ||
| 159 | forest logging and the necessity of protecting nature. We found that | 159 | forest logging and the necessity of protecting nature. We found that | ||
| 160 | spatial propagation of noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does | 160 | spatial propagation of noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does | ||
| 161 | not differ between stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to | 161 | not differ between stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to | ||
| 162 | what we initially hypothesized. However, temporary logging | 162 | what we initially hypothesized. However, temporary logging | ||
| 163 | restrictions could be excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned | 163 | restrictions could be excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned | ||
| 164 | management areas according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This | 164 | management areas according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This | ||
| 165 | proposal could be based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) | 165 | proposal could be based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) | ||
| 166 | criteria instead of conventional buffer protection distance criteria. | 166 | criteria instead of conventional buffer protection distance criteria. | ||
| 167 | In addition, it is suggested that the current size of restricted | 167 | In addition, it is suggested that the current size of restricted | ||
| 168 | management areas could be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a | 168 | management areas could be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a | ||
| 169 | 200 m one around the Cinereous vulture nest sites.", | 169 | 200 m one around the Cinereous vulture nest sites.", | ||
| 170 | "es": "The potentially negative effects of timber harvesting on | 170 | "es": "The potentially negative effects of timber harvesting on | ||
| 171 | biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the consideration of a | 171 | biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the consideration of a | ||
| 172 | wide range of restrictions to forest logging in natural areas. In | 172 | wide range of restrictions to forest logging in natural areas. In | ||
| 173 | particular, high noise levels produced by forest machinery present a | 173 | particular, high noise levels produced by forest machinery present a | ||
| 174 | challenge to developing sustainable forest management plans. The | 174 | challenge to developing sustainable forest management plans. The | ||
| 175 | Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest bird of prey whose | 175 | Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest bird of prey whose | ||
| 176 | nests are located in mature trees, is considered to be appropriate as | 176 | nests are located in mature trees, is considered to be appropriate as | ||
| 177 | an indicator species for environment-friendly forest planning. In this | 177 | an indicator species for environment-friendly forest planning. In this | ||
| 178 | work, we evaluated spatially differences in sound propagation between | 178 | work, we evaluated spatially differences in sound propagation between | ||
| 179 | stands. We hypothesized that differences due to the influence of | 179 | stands. We hypothesized that differences due to the influence of | ||
| 180 | orography in mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial | 180 | orography in mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial | ||
| 181 | and temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any | 181 | and temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any | ||
| 182 | great disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n Our study | 182 | great disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.\n Our study | ||
| 183 | was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of Spain, | 183 | was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of Spain, | ||
| 184 | where an important colony of the Western European population of | 184 | where an important colony of the Western European population of | ||
| 185 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | 185 | Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize | ||
| 186 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | 186 | noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two | ||
| 187 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | 187 | different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a | ||
| 188 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | 188 | chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario | ||
| 189 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | 189 | 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking | ||
| 190 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | 190 | noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground | ||
| 191 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | 191 | (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) | ||
| 192 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | 192 | landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) | ||
| 193 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | 193 | hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the | ||
| 194 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | 194 | potentially significant influence of noise management in timber | ||
| 195 | harvesting. The minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw operator sites | 195 | harvesting. The minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw operator sites | ||
| 196 | to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable that had a | 196 | to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable that had a | ||
| 197 | significant influence on the clustering results. On the other hand, | 197 | significant influence on the clustering results. On the other hand, | ||
| 198 | mean values of a newly proposed metric called average radius or radial | 198 | mean values of a newly proposed metric called average radius or radial | ||
| 199 | distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 (Scenario 1) and | 199 | distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 (Scenario 1) and | ||
| 200 | 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n Our results highlight the | 200 | 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).\n Our results highlight the | ||
| 201 | convenience of considering noise modeling tools at a forest planning | 201 | convenience of considering noise modeling tools at a forest planning | ||
| 202 | level in order to address the compatibility of forest logging and the | 202 | level in order to address the compatibility of forest logging and the | ||
| 203 | necessity of protecting nature. We found that spatial propagation of | 203 | necessity of protecting nature. We found that spatial propagation of | ||
| 204 | noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does not differ between | 204 | noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does not differ between | ||
| 205 | stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to what we initially | 205 | stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to what we initially | ||
| 206 | hypothesized. However, temporary logging restrictions could be | 206 | hypothesized. However, temporary logging restrictions could be | ||
| 207 | excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned management areas | 207 | excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned management areas | ||
| 208 | according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This proposal could be | 208 | according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This proposal could be | ||
| 209 | based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) criteria instead of | 209 | based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) criteria instead of | ||
| 210 | conventional buffer protection distance criteria. In addition, it is | 210 | conventional buffer protection distance criteria. In addition, it is | ||
| 211 | suggested that the current size of restricted management areas could | 211 | suggested that the current size of restricted management areas could | ||
| 212 | be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a 200 m one around the | 212 | be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a 200 m one around the | ||
| 213 | Cinereous vulture nest sites." | 213 | Cinereous vulture nest sites." | ||
| 214 | }, | 214 | }, | ||
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