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En el instante 25 de junio de 2026, 12:41:36 UTC,
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Modificado el valor del campo
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a2026-06-25
en Effectiveness of an anti-bird strike tubular screen in a high-speed railway. -
Modificado el valor del campo
modified
del recurso Acceso al recurso a2026-06-25
(anteriormente2026-06-23
) en Effectiveness of an anti-bird strike tubular screen in a high-speed railway.
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| 5 | "author": "Herranz, J., Falcao, L., Herv\u00e1s, I., Mata, C., | 5 | "author": "Herranz, J., Falcao, L., Herv\u00e1s, I., Mata, C., | ||
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| 61 | "Num. 4", | 75 | "Num. 4", | ||
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| 81 | "name": "284aab03-075c-5ac2-aca5-5ad1bf06d210", | 95 | "name": "284aab03-075c-5ac2-aca5-5ad1bf06d210", | ||
| 82 | "notes": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 96 | "notes": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 83 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 97 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 84 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 98 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 85 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 99 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 86 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 100 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 87 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 101 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 88 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 102 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 89 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 103 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 90 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 104 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 91 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 105 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 92 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 106 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 93 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 107 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 94 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 108 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 95 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 109 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 96 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 110 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 97 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 111 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 98 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 112 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 99 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 113 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 100 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 114 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 101 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 115 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 102 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 116 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 103 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 117 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 104 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 118 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 105 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 119 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 106 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 120 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 107 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 121 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 108 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 122 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 109 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 123 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 110 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 124 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 111 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 125 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 112 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 126 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 113 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 127 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 114 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 128 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 115 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 129 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 116 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 130 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 117 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 131 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 118 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 132 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 119 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 133 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 120 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 134 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 121 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 135 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 122 | Bubo bubo.", | 136 | Bubo bubo.", | ||
| 123 | "notes_translated": { | 137 | "notes_translated": { | ||
| 124 | "en": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 138 | "en": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 125 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 139 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 126 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 140 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 127 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 141 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 128 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 142 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 129 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 143 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 130 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 144 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 131 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 145 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 132 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 146 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 133 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 147 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 134 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 148 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 135 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 149 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 136 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 150 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 137 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 151 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 138 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 152 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 139 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 153 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 140 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 154 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 141 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 155 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 142 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 156 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 143 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 157 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 144 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 158 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 145 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 159 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 146 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 160 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 147 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 161 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 148 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 162 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 149 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 163 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 150 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 164 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 151 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 165 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 152 | above it.\nAfter construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 166 | above it.\nAfter construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 153 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 167 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 154 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 168 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 155 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 169 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 156 | (chisquared\ntest p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 170 | (chisquared\ntest p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 157 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 171 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 158 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 172 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 159 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 173 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 160 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 174 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 161 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 175 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 162 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 176 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 163 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 177 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 164 | Bubo bubo.", | 178 | Bubo bubo.", | ||
| 165 | "es": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | 179 | "es": "A High speed trains run at speeds over 250 km/h, and birds | ||
| 166 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | 180 | which coincide in their trajectories are thus unable to avoid crashing | ||
| 167 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | 181 | or being affected by turbulence provoked by them. The result in the | ||
| 168 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | 182 | second case can be also death, since destabilized birds may end up | ||
| 169 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | 183 | colliding with the catenary, other railway structures or the ground. | ||
| 170 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | 184 | As a consequence, any bird crossing a high speed railway (HSR) through | ||
| 171 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | 185 | the gap between the ground and the 5.3m high power wire, or among the | ||
| 172 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | 186 | catenary cables, is under risk and mitigation should aim to avoid such | ||
| 173 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | 187 | cross-flights. Traditional mitigation in areas of high interest for | ||
| 174 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | 188 | birds and in viaducts crossing them has been the installation of | ||
| 175 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | 189 | protection screens similar to those implemented for noise abatement. | ||
| 176 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | 190 | The height of such screens is strongly restrained by their aerodynamic | ||
| 177 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | 191 | resistance to wind and to the piston effect of passing trains, since | ||
| 178 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | 192 | they are built of continuous or drilled plates. Thus, they are | ||
| 179 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | 193 | un-frequently more than 2.5m tall and they do not cover but a small | ||
| 180 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | 194 | part of the risk gap. Taller designs are not feasible due to | ||
| 181 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | 195 | structural limitations of viaducts, increased costs of maintenance and | ||
| 182 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | 196 | hazard for trains in case of breaking. A new design of anti-bird | ||
| 183 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | 197 | strike screen has been built and its effectiveness tested along a 400m | ||
| 184 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | 198 | section of HSR in regular use in the proximity of Santa Cruz de la | ||
| 185 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | 199 | Zarza (Madrid- Valencia line, Spain). The location was selected for | ||
| 186 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | 200 | its high bird mortality after one-year seasonal monitoring along 10 km | ||
| 187 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | 201 | of railway, and it consists of a section on an embankment ca. 6-10m | ||
| 188 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | 202 | high. The prototype is built of independent vertical poles 5.5m tall | ||
| 189 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | 203 | at 2m intervals in each side of the track so that in front-view the | ||
| 190 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | 204 | screen has a density of one pole by meter. Even if not a continuous | ||
| 191 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | 205 | barrier, it is designed under the assumption that birds (at least | ||
| 192 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | 206 | larger ones) will fly upwards to avoid it and cross the HSR safely | ||
| 193 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | 207 | above it. After construction in 2018, the bird mortality monitoring | ||
| 194 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | 208 | has been replicated, and we present here the data obtained in the | ||
| 195 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | 209 | location of the screen and in two adjacent areas of the same length | ||
| 196 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | 210 | and railway topography. Results support a significant decrease | ||
| 197 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | 211 | (chisquared\n test p<0.05) of bird mortality in the section covered by | ||
| 198 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | 212 | the screen, at least for large-bodied species: 8 death birds (20.0 | ||
| 199 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | 213 | individuals/km) were found in the protected section while the two | ||
| 200 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | 214 | control sections had 22 and 18 fatalities (55.0 and 45.0 | ||
| 201 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | 215 | individuals/km respectively). Moreover, all carcasses but one rock | ||
| 202 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | 216 | dove (Columba livia) found in the screen section corresponded to | ||
| 203 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | 217 | passerines, while in control sections 25 birds of the rock dove size | ||
| 204 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | 218 | or larger were found (31.2 individuals/km), outstandingly among them | ||
| 205 | Bubo bubo." | 219 | Bubo bubo." | ||
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